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{"id":5424,"date":"2022-01-05T15:05:16","date_gmt":"2022-01-05T12:05:16","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blog.ilem.org.tr\/?p=5424"},"modified":"2022-01-07T14:25:01","modified_gmt":"2022-01-07T11:25:01","slug":"platonda-khora-kavrami-ve-mevlevilikte-hora-gecirmek","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.ilem.org.tr\/platonda-khora-kavrami-ve-mevlevilikte-hora-gecirmek\/","title":{"rendered":"Platon’da Khora Kavram\u0131 ve Mevlevilikte Hora Ge\u00e7irmek\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Yazar: K\u00fcbra \u00c7olak<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Platon kendi ontolojisinde, hi\u00e7bir zaman de\u011fi\u015fmeyen ve sonsuz olan idealar d\u00fcnyas\u0131<\/em> ile idealar\u0131n bir kopyas\u0131 niteli\u011finde olan, her zaman de\u011fi\u015fen, zaman ve mekana tabi olan olu\u015f d\u00fcnyas\u0131<\/em> olarak iki ayr\u0131 d\u00fcnyadan bahseder. Kozmolojisinde ise bu iki t\u00fcre bir \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc t\u00fcr olarak khora<\/em>y\u0131 ekler. Khora, hem olu\u015fu i\u00e7ine alan<\/em> ve onu besleyen<\/em> mekan<\/em> olarak bir hazne<\/em> hem de olu\u015fu, varl\u0131ktan ay\u0131ran bir s\u0131n\u0131r<\/em>d\u0131r. Her t\u00fcrl\u00fc kar\u015f\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir araya getiren fakat ayn\u0131 zamanda birbirlerine ge\u00e7ip kar\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 engelleyen bir had<\/em>dir. Mitostan logosa, d\u00fczensizlikten d\u00fczene, unutmadan hat\u0131rlamaya, statik olandan dinamik olana, kavranabilir olandan duyumsanabilir olana ge\u00e7i\u015f her zaman khora ile m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Herhangi bir \u015feyin var olabilmesi i\u00e7in bir yere ihtiyac\u0131 vard\u0131r; yani khora, bir \u015feyin var olabilmesi i\u00e7in zorunlu oland\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>Ge\u00e7ilmesi ve a\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken bir s\u0131n\u0131r olan mutfak sayesinde insan; muteal y\u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc if\u015fa edebilmekte, maddi olan ile manevi olan\u0131 bir b\u00fct\u00fcn olarak tecr\u00fcbe edebilmektedir. <\/em><\/strong><\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Mevlevi terimlerinden olan \u201chora ge\u00e7mek\u201d, makbule ge\u00e7mek anlam\u0131na gelirken, \u201chora ge\u00e7irmek\u201d Fars\u00e7a yemek anlam\u0131na gelen \u201ckhorden\u201d kelimesinden \u201cbir \u015fey yemek\u201d anlam\u0131na gelmektedir. Mevlevilikte \u201cyemek\u201d sadece maddi g\u0131dadan ibaret olmay\u0131p manevi olarak da beslenmektir. Bu sebeple yemeklerin pi\u015firildi\u011fi ve hora ge\u00e7irildi\u011fi (yenildi\u011fi) yer olarak matbah-\u0131 \u015ferif olduk\u00e7a \u00f6nemlidir. Bir\u00e7ok tarikatta dervi\u015fler \u00e7ilehane ya da halvethane gibi yerlerde \u00e7ileye soyunurken Mevlevilikte, nev-niyaz yani dervi\u015f adaylar\u0131 1001 g\u00fcn, 18 de\u011fi\u015fik g\u00f6revle matbahta hizmet ederler. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dervi\u015f aday\u0131 olmak i\u00e7in talip olan biri \u00f6nce matbah-\u0131 \u015ferifte Saka Postu<\/em> denilen yerde \u00fc\u00e7 g\u00fcn boyunca otururdu. Otururken yap\u0131lacak olan i\u015fleri g\u00f6zlemler, e\u011fer kabul ederse ve kendisi de kabul edilirse 18 g\u00fcn ayak\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k hizmetlerini yapard\u0131. Bu d\u00f6nemi de ba\u015far\u0131yla ge\u00e7tikten sonra \u00fcst\u00fcndeki k\u0131yafetleri kendisine verilen yeni k\u0131yafetlerle de\u011fi\u015ftirir, dervi\u015fli\u011fe soyunur ve A\u015f\u00e7\u0131 Dede, Kazanc\u0131 Dede ve Halife Dede\u2019nin yan\u0131nda 1001 g\u00fcnl\u00fck \u00e7ile d\u00f6nemi ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f olurdu. Bu ki\u015fiye art\u0131k \u201cmatbah can\u0131\u201d denirdi. Dedelerin as\u0131l g\u00f6revi ise matbah canlar\u0131n\u0131n manevi a\u00e7\u0131dan pi\u015firip olgunla\u015ft\u0131rmakt\u0131. 1001 g\u00fcnl\u00fck \u00e7ilenin sonunda dervi\u015fe, \u00f6zel k\u0131yafetler giydirilir, sikke tekbirlenir; art\u0131k onun tennuresi kefeni, h\u0131rkas\u0131 kabri, sikkesi de mezar ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131n sembol\u00fc olurdu. Bu noktada mutfakta pi\u015fen, olgunla\u015fan can, \u201c\u00f6lmeden \u00f6nce \u00f6lme\u201d s\u0131rr\u0131na erer ve Dede unvan\u0131n\u0131 almaya hak kazan\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>A\u015fk ate\u015finin ac\u0131s\u0131 sesine yans\u0131yan ney, insan\u0131n \u00e7ekti\u011fi \u0131zd\u0131rab\u0131n sembol\u00fcd\u00fcr. <\/em><\/strong><\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Platon\u2019da var olan hi\u00e7bir \u015feyin khora<\/em>s\u0131z olamayaca\u011f\u0131 gibi, Mevlevilikte de var olabilmek hora<\/em>s\u0131z m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. Ayr\u0131ca khora\u2019n\u0131n olu\u015fu i\u00e7ine ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve besledi\u011fi gibi, hora da insan\u0131 i\u00e7ine al\u0131r ve besler. Hora ge\u00e7irmek yani bir \u015fey yemek; yeme\u011fin insana var\u0131p v\u00fccut bulabilmesiyken, insan\u0131n da o yeme\u011fi yiyip kamil insan olarak v\u00fccut bulmas\u0131d\u0131r. Bir bak\u0131ma maddi olan hora (yemek), insan ile v\u00fccut bularak zikretmeye ba\u015flar ve manevi olana d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr. Manevi olana d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fen hora sayesinde de insan, maddi olandan manevi olana ge\u00e7ebilir. Hora ge\u00e7irmek bir faaliyet olarak ba\u015f\u0131ndan sonuna kadar ibadet halinde olmakt\u0131r. Nitekim yemekten \u00f6nce okunan \u201cTabh-\u0131 \u015f\u00eer\u00een ola, Hakk berek\u00e2t\u0131n vere, yiyenlere n\u00fbr-\u0131 \u00eem\u00e2n ola!\u201d duas\u0131 hora ge\u00e7irmenin, insana iman nuru olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 vurgulamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mevlevilikte insan\u0131n lay\u0131k oldu\u011fu hayat mertebesine ula\u015fmas\u0131, hamken pi\u015fmesi, pi\u015ftikten sonra yanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in gereken e\u011fitime giri\u015f hora<\/em> ile ilgili hizmet etmektir. Mekan hora<\/em>d\u0131r, s\u0131n\u0131r hora<\/em>d\u0131r, sonu\u00e7 da hora<\/em> te\u015fbihiyle yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Madden ve manen beslendi\u011fi<\/em> mekan<\/em> olarak matbah-\u0131 \u015ferif, insan\u0131n ilim, irfan, hikmet, marifet oca\u011f\u0131nda pi\u015fmesi ve \u201cHamd\u0131m, pi\u015ftim, yand\u0131m\u201d diyebilmesidir. Yeme\u011fin pi\u015fip yenecek k\u0131vama gelmesi gibi insan\u0131n da pi\u015fip horaya ge\u00e7i\u015f yapabilmesi ve horaya d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015febilmesidir. Ya\u015f olarak geldi\u011fi mekanda \u015fekil almas\u0131, ate\u015ften g\u00f6mlek giyerek \u00e7ileye soyunmas\u0131 ve insan-\u0131 nak\u0131s olarak girdi\u011fi s\u0131n\u0131r<\/em>\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131na insan-\u0131 kamil olarak ge\u00e7ebilmesidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hora ge\u00e7irmenin bir sembol oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrsek, sembol (symblolein) kelimesinin as\u0131l anlam\u0131 olan iki \u015feyi bir araya getirme tasavvuru da buna uygundur. Nitekim Mevlana\u2019n\u0131n \u201cbiz birle\u015ftirmeye geldik, ay\u0131rmaya de\u011fil\u201d \u015feklindeki birlik \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131 minvalinde farkl\u0131 insanlar\u0131 bir araya getirip g\u00f6n\u00fcllerini b\u00fct\u00fcnle\u015ftirdi\u011fi mekan da matbaht\u0131r (mutfak). Ayr\u0131ca dervi\u015f, s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 ge\u00e7erek insan-\u0131 kamil olduktan sonraki \u201cvarl\u0131kta birlik\u201d anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 da ilahi ve insani olan\u0131n birle\u015fmesi ile m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmaktad\u0131r. Dil ile kalp, maddilik ile manevilik, ilahilik ile insanilik, \u00f6l\u00fcm ile ya\u015fam gibi z\u0131tlar\u0131n imtizac\u0131, \u201cbirlikte \u00e7okluk, \u00e7oklukta birlik\u201d anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde kar\u015f\u0131tlar\u0131n bir arada ve yok olarak nas\u0131l mevcut olduklar\u0131, insan-\u0131 kamilde tezah\u00fcr etmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mevlana\u2019ya g\u00f6re kamil insan, fiziki alem ile metafiziksel alem aras\u0131nda yer almas\u0131 itibariyle Tanr\u0131\u2019n\u0131n yery\u00fcz\u00fcndeki timsalidir. Kamil insan\u0131n \u00f6zelli\u011fi ise t\u0131pk\u0131 Platon\u2019un kozmolojisindeki varl\u0131k (idealar) ve olu\u015fun (suretler) aras\u0131nda olan khora gibi Allah ile alem, zahir ile bat\u0131n aras\u0131ndaki berzah olmas\u0131d\u0131r. Horaya d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclen insan, khora gibi arada<\/em> oland\u0131r. Olu\u015f, varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n aynadaki yans\u0131mas\u0131 ise khora bu yans\u0131may\u0131 sa\u011flayan cilad\u0131r. Vahdeti v\u00fccut tasavvurunda da durum ayna \u00f6rne\u011fi ile temsil edilmi\u015ftir. Alem, Allah\u2019\u0131n tecelli etti\u011fi bir ayna ise insan-\u0131 kamil bu aynan\u0131n cilas\u0131d\u0131r. Varl\u0131k ve olu\u015fun bir araya gelmesi fakat birbirine kar\u0131\u015fmamas\u0131 gibi hora sayesinde ilahi olan ile insani olan bir mekanda bir araya gelir. Fakat bir araya gelen iki denizin birbirine kar\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nleyen engel misali (Rahman\/19-20) bu ikisi de birbirine asla kar\u0131\u015fmaz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>Platon\u2019da var olan hi\u00e7bir \u015feyin khoras\u0131z olamayaca\u011f\u0131 gibi, Mevlevilikte de var olabilmek horas\u0131z m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. <\/em><\/strong><\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Platon, \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc t\u00fcr olan khoran\u0131n ne oldu\u011funu anlat\u0131rken \u00f6ncelikle onu metaforlar \u00fczerinden tan\u0131mlamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Mevlana da yanarak hora haline gelen ve arada olan kamil insan\u0131 ve mahiyetini ney metaforu \u00fczerinden temsilen anlatmaktad\u0131r. Kam\u0131\u015fl\u0131ktan kesilen, as\u0131l yurdunu \u00f6zleyerek ayr\u0131l\u0131klardan \u015fikayet eden ney, asl\u0131nda ilahi alemden ayr\u0131 d\u00fc\u015fen, a\u015fk ate\u015finde Hakk\u2019\u0131n \u00f6zlemiyle yan\u0131p tutu\u015fan insand\u0131r. A\u015fk ate\u015finin ac\u0131s\u0131 sesine yans\u0131yan ney, insan\u0131n \u00e7ekti\u011fi \u0131zd\u0131rab\u0131n sembol\u00fcd\u00fcr. Ayr\u0131ca ne duyumsanabilir ne de kavranabilir olan yap\u0131s\u0131yla khora, nas\u0131l bir \u015fey oldu\u011fu kesin olarak bilinilebilecek ya da anla\u015f\u0131labilecek bir t\u00fcr de\u011fildir. Ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde neyi de kimse anlamaz; neyi dinleyen herkes ona dost oldu\u011funu san\u0131r ama feryad\u0131nda gizli olan s\u0131rra eri\u015fecek g\u00f6z de kulak da kimsede yoktur. Vuslat\u0131, ezeli aleme eri\u015fmek olan pi\u015fmi\u015f ve olgunla\u015fm\u0131\u015f insan\u0131n halini ve \u0131zd\u0131rab\u0131n\u0131 da ham olan birinin anlayabilmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Platon\u2019un Timaios <\/em>diyalo\u011funda s\u00fcrekli s\u00f6z konusu edilen ba\u015fa d\u00f6nme ve yeniden ba\u015flama vurgusu, Mevlevilikte kendisini \u00f6ld\u00fckten sonra g\u00f6stermektedir. \u015e\u00f6yle ki hamken nev-niyaz olarak matbah-\u0131 \u015ferife gelen, hora ge\u00e7iren, hora ile ilgilenen, pi\u015fmi\u015f ve yanm\u0131\u015f bir halde horaya istihale eden dervi\u015flerin vefat ettikten sonra u\u011furland\u0131\u011f\u0131 yer de matbah-\u0131 \u015feriftir. Bu a\u00e7\u0131dan matbah-\u0131 \u015ferif hem Mevlevili\u011fe giri\u015fte ilk kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131lan yerdir hem de bedenin son u\u011frak noktas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sonu\u00e7 olarak, khora bir \u015feyi i\u00e7in alan ve besleyen yap\u0131s\u0131yla her \u015feyi i\u00e7ine alan, besleyip olgun hale gelmesi i\u00e7in geli\u015ftiren, onu herhangilikten<\/em> uzakla\u015ft\u0131rarak kendili\u011fini<\/em> bulmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan mekand\u0131r. Birbirinden farkl\u0131, z\u0131t \u00f6zelliklere sahip \u015feylerin mekan olmadan varolu\u015fsal birli\u011fe ula\u015fmalar\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. Mevlevilikte ise bu faaliyetin hora ile ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 olan (bir mekan olarak matbahta) mutfakta ge\u00e7iyor olmas\u0131, dervi\u015flerin orada pi\u015fmeleri, olgunla\u015fmalar\u0131 mekansall\u0131\u011f\u0131n ne kadar m\u00fchim oldu\u011funu ortaya koymaktad\u0131r. Ge\u00e7ilmesi ve a\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken bir s\u0131n\u0131r olan mutfak sayesinde insan; muteal y\u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc if\u015fa edebilmekte, maddi olan ile manevi olan\u0131 bir b\u00fct\u00fcn olarak tecr\u00fcbe edebilmektedir. Maddi alem ile ilahi alem aras\u0131nda bir yerde insan-\u0131 kamil olarak var olabilmek i\u00e7in mutfak \u00f6zelinde mekansall\u0131k olmazsa olmazd\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

KAYNAK\u00c7A<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Haf\u0131z, Muharrem. Platon Felsefesinde Khora; Varl\u0131k, Olu\u015f ve Mek\u00e2n \u00dczerine Bir \u0130nceleme.<\/em> \u0130stanbul: DM Yay\u0131nevi, 2019.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d6zer, Murat (ed.). Hz. Pir Mevl\u00e2na Celaleddin Rumi ve Mevlevilik K\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc<\/em>. \u0130stanbul: Ba\u015fak\u015fehir Belediyesi, 2015.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
K\u00fcbra \u00c7olak
<\/em><\/strong>2018 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130stanbul \u00dcniversitesi \u0130lahiyat Fak\u00fcltesinden mezun oldu. Hali haz\u0131rda \u0130stanbul \u00dcniversitesi, Felsefe ve Din Bilimleri Anabilim dal\u0131nda Felsefe Tarihi b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde Y\u00fcksek Lisans e\u011fitimine devam etmektedir.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Platon\u2019da var olan hi\u00e7bir \u015feyin khoras\u0131z olamayaca\u011f\u0131 gibi, Mevlevilikte de var olabilmek horas\u0131z m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. Ayr\u0131ca khora\u2019n\u0131n olu\u015fu i\u00e7ine ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve besledi\u011fi gibi, hora da insan\u0131 i\u00e7ine al\u0131r ve besler.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5425,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1108],"tags":[1439,1440,1438,1436,1437,617],"yoast_head":"\nPlaton'da Khora Kavram\u0131 ve Mevlevilikte Hora Ge\u00e7irmek\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 - \u0130LEM Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"http:\/\/blog.ilem.org.tr\/platonda-khora-kavrami-ve-mevlevilikte-hora-gecirmek\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Platon'da Khora Kavram\u0131 ve Mevlevilikte Hora Ge\u00e7irmek\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 - \u0130LEM Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Platon\u2019da var olan hi\u00e7bir \u015feyin khoras\u0131z olamayaca\u011f\u0131 gibi, Mevlevilikte de var olabilmek horas\u0131z m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. 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